Electric traction 1701 however, the steam locomotive suffers from the following disadvantages. When the electric brake is applied, the power generated by the traction motor is fed back to the line network. Typically a single wire is used with the return current running through the track. There are many other voltage systems used for railway electrification systems around the world, and the list of current systems for electric rail traction covers both standard voltage and nonstandard voltage systems. Nov 30, 2015 the electric traction system is the most efficient of all other traction system such as steam and internal combustion ic engine type systems. The principal components of a pantograph are a main frame, an arm, a pantograph head and a drive. Pdf pantograph arcing in electrified railwaysmechanism and. The pantograph structure may be in the form of a single arm a single open bent angle or in a diamond rhombus form. Contact line, pantograph, traction motors, traction transformers, rolling stock, electric power supply network. Pdf pantograph arcing is a common phenomenon in electrified railway systems. The final decade of the 20 th century and the first decade of the 21 st century were marked by the enormous rise in high speed due to the huge leaps forward in electric locomotive technology. Railway technology today 3 edited by kanji wako railway.
Types of pantographs and principal mechanism the pantograph is an integral part of the emu used to collect current from the overtraditional diamondshaped pantograph jr east singlearm pantograph jr east head line. Contact wire offset for pantograph operation is measured from the perpendicular center line of the track. Current for the transformer was collected from the overhead catenary wires by one of the two pantographs. Apr 29, 2018 third rails and overhead electric wires are the main power solutions for electric railways traction power. Oppcharge inverted pantograph the inverted pantograph connects to a basic rail interface located on the roof of the bus.
Jun 27, 20 electric traction the system which use electrical power for traction system i. The current collection system is an electric energy exchange interface between electric trains and traction substations. The fast charging system delivers 300 kw dc output power and will recharge a battery in three. System of electric traction mechanics of train movement. Dc traction motors, which have been in use for a long time, are being replaced by ac motors. Speed time, distance time and simplified speedtime curves, attractive effort for acceleration and propulsion, effective weight, train resistance, adhesive weight, specific energy output and consumption. The traction supply network consists of the conductors placed above the rails fig. Qingquan qian, in pantograph and contact line system, 2018. Railway technology systems suburban rail, metro and rapid transit examples of special solutions current collector designs in which the swinging link can be swung out of the minimum clearance outline current collector with electric motor drive for a hybrid tram car current collector with hydraulic actuation current collector with integrated. An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or onboard energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor.
As we all know, it is electric locomoti ves that are at the forefr ont of railway traction, while the diesel locomotive is kept for some very specific uses. The trolley contact wheel or shoe is guided through the frog by three precisely shaped and located rails. Locomotives are supplied with electrical energy over the pantograph and the current. Steps at the ends of the prototype gg1 led to the pantographs on the roof. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating. At the same time, the pantograph catenary arcing test system has been used to study the change laws of the pantograph catenary arc voltage and current under different power factors and traction. There are two pantographs mounted on the roof of an electric locomotive. Pantograph and contact line systems, as electric energy transmission media of traction substations and power traction units, should provide safe and reliable power transmission for stationary power consumption by the auxiliary facility of vehicle, living facility, and for mobile power consumption by the traction. Chapter 1 railway electrification system chapter 2 traction power network chapter 3 railway electric traction chapter 4 electric locomotive chapter 5 pantograph rail chapter 6 electric multiple unit chapter 7 trolley pole chapter 8 third rail chapter 9 overhead lines chapter 10 groundlevel power supply. Feb 05, 2018 an electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or onboard energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor. A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an onboard prime mover or local fuel supply. The alt positions allow the dc pantograph to be used for ac traction or the ac pantograph to be used for dc traction, in case of damage to one or the other pantograph.
Performance specifications for electric traction enabling. In the case of electrified railways, there is a high probability that sustained electrical faults of any type high resistance, remote breakerprotection failure etc. For trolley frogs having side flanges the clearance between side flanges shall pass a maximum tolerance trolley wheel. The system which use electrical power for traction system i. Pantograph and contact line systems, as electric energy transmission media of traction substations and power traction units, should provide safe and reliable power transmission for stationary power consumption by the auxiliary facility of vehicle, living facility, and for mobile power consumption by the traction vehicle. During diesel operation, the line converter is configured as a 3phase rectifier. If the lrv is derailed and the pantograph is still in contact with the ocs, or if the ocs has been compromised and is damaged and lines are down then crews should not approach the lrv or track. Electric traction and protection of pantograph using modern. Any remaining excess power can either be dissipated in brake resistors or supplied to an optional energy saving system. The electric locomotive draws power from the over head equipment ohe with the help of pantograph and converts this electrical energy to mechanical energy, in controlled manner, through traction motors which drive the axles. Lionel gg1 electric locomotive owners manual 718354250 305 system featuring and do not attempt to raise or lower the pantographs by hand. Act of drawing or state of being drawn propulsion of vehicle is called tractions. It is possible to combine these pantograph check points with other diagnostic points, e. The electric traction system is the most efficient of all other traction system such as steam and internal combustion ic engine type systems.
Battery electric buses are charged at charging stations. Traction system which do not involve the use of electricity such as steam engine drive, ic engine drive etc. This article describes some classic problems of interference in electric railway traction systems together with. Introduction, systems of supplying power in electric traction, third rail or conductor rail system, overhead system, current collectors for overhead system. Review of characteristics of different types of dc and ac motors used traction and their suitability moduleiv 10 hours rating and heating of electric drives, power loss, heating and cooling of motors, classes and duty and selection of motors, drives for specific application like steel, paper, textile mills. Edn electric rail traction systems need specialized power. Non electric traction systemmechanical traction system. Catenary, pantograph, and their interaction nowadays many railway trains use electric traction. Motors in traction power units shall have both brushes.
Characteristics of the sliding electric contact of pantograph. Dc raises the dc pantograph and ac raises the ac pantograph. The drive which uses the electric power for moving forward, such type of drive is called an electric traction drive. A pantograph is a system of articulated arms fixed on the roof of the locomotive. Electric traction and protection of pantograph using.
The history of electric railways dates back to 1835 when t. Pdf pantograph arcing in electrified railwaysmechanism. Pantograph is an apparatus which mounted on the roof of electric train to collect power through with an overhead tension wire. Electric traction carries about 66% of freight traffic and 50% of passenger traffic. Apr 24, 2017 pantograph is a set of articulated arms fixed to the roof of the engine. Power collection via the overhead line and pantograph, introduced nearly 100 years ago early in the history of electric railways, remains basically unchanged in. Electric traction free download as powerpoint presentation. The horizontal end piece of the pantograph is called head. The highvoltage circuit for an electric locomotive unit comprises two groups of highvoltage circuits with pantographs, wherein each group of highvoltage circuit with the pantograph respectively comprises the pantograph, a highvoltage isolating switch, a main circuit breaker, a. The two e settings at either end are emergency settings, for using the dc pantograph under ac traction or the ac pantograph under dc traction. Pantograph and contact line system comprehensively introduces pantographs, contact lines and their interactions in many areas including geometrics, dynamics, materials, and electricshelpful to understanding the basic theories of interaction between pantographs and contact lines. Jan 08, 2019 electric traction means using the electric power for traction system i. The pantograph is a system mounted at the top of the trains that collects power from overhead tension wires figures 2, 3, and 4. It can be divided into pantograph and overhead contact line systems, pantograph and overhead contact rail systems, and collector shoe and contact rail systems.
In ohe, or overhead electrification systems, the supply of electricity is through an overhead system of suspended cables known as. Be sure that the pantographs have enough clearance on your layout. Electric traction has many advantages as compared to other nonelectrical systems of traction including steam traction. A pantograph or pan, or panto is an apparatus mounted on the roof of an electric train, tram or electric bus to collect power through contact with an overhead line. When the vehicle slows down, the excess power generated by the traction motor is used for. Now a day, magnetic traction is also used for bullet trains. The electric traction system is supplied with electrical energy through power transformers 11025 kv. The first practical electric cars debuted in 1879 when a 150v dc, 2. Diesel electric locomotive report to be written iii. In general following electric traction systems exist. The pantograph of locomotive or electric multiple unit is.
Electric traction is part of subject utilization of electrical energy. One of the major application of an electric drive is to transport men and materials from one place to another. This paper present the events that bring about the todays electric traction system and pantograph protection technique. To enable the locomotive to perform this task, it is equipped with suitable equipments, which enable loco pilot to.
Typically, a single or double wire is used, with the return current. Davenport fabricated a model electric car powered by voltaic cells and put it on public exhibition. The book examines application techniques for system design, construction and maintenance, and. Railway technology systems index 001 002 company stemmanntechnik 003 worldwide presence railway products, quality made in germany 004 metro and suburban systems third rail shoegears 005 systems for third rail shoegears 006 components for third rail shoegears 007 008 suburban railway roofmounted pantographs for suburban railway. Electric railways use either electric locomotives hauling passengers or freight in separate cars, electric multiple units passenger cars with their own motors or both.
It offers several benefits over other systems, including quick start and stop, very efficient, pollutionfree, easy to handle and easy speed control. If the electric energy is use in this process is called electric traction. The permissible range of voltages allowed for the standardised voltages is as stated in standards bs en 50163 and iec 60850. Typically, a single or double wire is used, with the return current running through the rails. Electric traction will continue to play a dominant role in the railway since it is an. Electric locomotive in hindi electric traction youtube. It is used in electric trains, tramcars, trolley buses and diesel electric vehicles etc. This is the first revision of the performance specifications for electric traction enabling works mxelec trac ew spec2016, hereafter referred to as the et ew specifications.
The dc pantographs generally have two shoes, while the ac pantographs have one shoe, owing to the higher current carried by the dc pantograph. Pdf conducted and radiated emission from pantograph arcing. Electrical transmission, which is usually applied to high power units, has following advantages. Its role is to transfer power from the contact line to the electric traction unit. Prepare a report after visiting a electric traction substation 8. Its a very important topic for various recruitment exams like state electricity board exams etc. Electric traction system of any country reflects the development of it. Ppt electric traction system powerpoint presentation. Pdf electric traction and protection of pantograph using.
Kelvin lam analysis on pantographs pantograph and traction control introduction to electric tractions summer 2015 19102015 1 2. Electric traction system 1 electric traction system presented by amit raj roll no. But, as long as a pantograph was raised and hot, access was prevented by a blocking plate at the top. Completion of domestically produced pantograph, first in japan. The invention discloses a highvoltage circuit for an electric locomotive unit. Trolley collector or pole collector, bow collector, pantograph collector, types of pantographs. Editorial catenary, pantograph, and their interaction. The track electrification refers to the type of source supply system that is used while powering the electric locomotive systems. There are various systems of traction prevailing in our country such as steam engine drive, electric drive. Jan 31, 2016 electric traction is part of subject utilization of electrical energy. Basically, an electric traction system is a system. Or electric traction means a locomotion in which the driving force is obtained from electric motors. Total sum of pantograph contact wire faults should decrease using a continuous monitoring network. The dc pantograph has two shoes and is thicker in its contact area than the ac pantograph because it has to carry a larger current corresponding to the lower voltage.
Pantograph is an essential fitting of electric locomotives. T railway technology today 4 edited by kanji wako what. An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or onboard energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor electric locomotives with onboard fueled prime movers, such as diesel engines or gas turbines, are classed as diesel electric or gas turbine electric and not as electric locomotives, because the electric generatormotor combination. Pantograph is a set of articulated arms fixed to the roof of the engine. By electric traction is meant locomotion in which the driving or tractive force is obtained from electric motors. Ppt electric traction system powerpoint presentation free. Conductors are mounted on the masts next to the railway. Passenger train km hauled by electric traction 49% bg freight gtkm hauled by electric traction 63% year 200506 200607 200708 total traction charges mil. Introduction there is a wide variety of electric traction systems around the world, which have been built according to the type of railway, its location and the technology available at the time of the installation. For the positivefed overhead traction system, where pantograph is cathode, the supply. The electric power is transferred to the locomotive by an overhead current supply system, the catenary system, and the power is transmitted down to the motors via a pantograph that is mounted on the roof of the locomotive.
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